MicroEvoEval: A Systematic Evaluation Framework for Image-Based Microstructure Evolution Prediction

The study investigates the impact of two information feeds, a closed-form Markov estimator and an online trained actor-critic, on reneging and jockeying behaviors in a dual M/M/1 system. It reveals that with unequal service rates and total-time patience, total wait increases linearly, leading to inevitable abandonment. The probability of successful jockeying diminishes as backlog increases. Both information models converge to the same asymptotic limits under certain conditions, highlighting the importance of value-of-information in finite regimes.

Importance sampling is a technique utilized to enhance the efficiency of deep neural network (DNN) training by minimizing the variance of gradient estimators. This paper introduces a method for estimating variance reduction during DNN training using only minibatches sampled through importance sampling. Additionally, it suggests an optimal minibatch size for automatic learning rate adjustment and presents a metric to quantify the efficiency of importance sampling, supported by theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrating improved training efficiency and model accuracy.

IntelliProof is an interactive system designed to analyze argumentative essays using large language models (LLMs). It structures essays as argumentation graphs, where claims are nodes and supporting evidence is attached as properties. The system classifies and scores relationships between claims, visualizing them for better understanding. It also provides justifications for classifications and measures essay coherence, allowing for quick exploration of argumentative quality while maintaining human oversight.

MMaDA-Parallel is a new multimodal diffusion framework aimed at enhancing thinking-aware generation in AI models. It addresses performance degradation caused by error propagation in existing autoregressive approaches. The framework introduces ParaBench, a benchmark for evaluating text and image outputs, revealing that misalignment between reasoning and generated images contributes to performance issues. MMaDA-Parallel employs supervised finetuning and Parallel Reinforcement Learning to improve interaction between text and images throughout the denoising process.

The article discusses the limitations of current generative models, which, despite their ability to produce realistic outputs, often exhibit physical plausibility failures that go undetected by existing evaluation methods. To address this issue, the authors introduce Matryoshka Transcoders, a framework designed for the automatic identification and interpretation of these physical plausibility failure modes. This approach enhances the understanding of generative models and aims to facilitate targeted improvements.

Recent research highlights a new class of attacks in federated learning that compromise model interpretability without impacting accuracy. The study reveals that adversarial clients can apply small color perturbations, shifting a model's saliency maps from meaningful regions while maintaining predictions. This method, termed the Chromatic Perturbation Module, systematically creates adversarial examples by altering color contrasts, leading to persistent poisoning of the model's internal feature attributions, challenging assumptions about model reliability.

As embodied agents navigate complex environments, the ability to perceive and track individual objects over time is crucial, particularly for tasks involving similar objects. In non-Markovian contexts, decision-making relies on object-specific histories rather than the immediate scene. Without a persistent memory of past interactions, robotic policies may falter or repeat actions unnecessarily. To address this, LIBERO-Mem is introduced as a task suite designed to test robotic manipulation under conditions of partial observability at the object level.

The article discusses a novel method for detecting low-dimensional structures in high-dimensional probability measures, crucial for efficient sampling. This approach approximates a target measure as a perturbation of a reference measure along significant directions in Euclidean space. The reference measure can be Gaussian or a nonlinear transformation of it, commonly used in generative modeling. The study establishes a link between the dimensional logarithmic Sobolev inequality and Kullback-Leibler divergence minimization, enhancing approximation techniques.