Flatness is Necessary, Neural Collapse is Not: Rethinking Generalization via Grokking

arXiv — cs.LGMonday, October 27, 2025 at 4:00:00 AM
A recent study discusses the concepts of neural collapse and the flatness of loss landscapes in deep networks, questioning their roles in generalization. While neural collapse is often seen as a sign of effective learning, the research suggests that both phenomena may not be essential for achieving generalization. This exploration is significant as it challenges existing assumptions in machine learning, potentially leading to new insights on how deep networks can be optimized for better performance.
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