arXiv:2511.08126v1 Announce Type: new 
Abstract: Quantification has been proven to be a particularly difficult linguistic phenomenon for (Multimodal) Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, given that quantification interfaces with the logic, pragmatic, and numerical domains, the exact reasons for the poor performance are still unclear. This papers looks at three key features of human quantification shared cross-linguistically that have remained so far unexplored in the (M)LLM literature: the ordering of quantifiers into scales, the ranges of use and prototypicality, and the biases inherent in the human approximate number system. The aim is to determine how these features are encoded in the models' architecture, how they may differ from humans, and whether the results are affected by the type of model and language under investigation. We find that there are clear differences between humans and MLLMs with respect to these features across various tasks that tap into the representation of quantification in vivo vs. in silico. This work, thus, paves the way for addressing the nature of MLLMs as semantic and pragmatic agents, while the cross-linguistic lens can elucidate whether their abilities are robust and stable across different languages.

تسلط دراسة حديثة نُشرت على arXiv الضوء على الفروق الكبيرة في كيفية إدراك نماذج اللغة متعددة الوسائط (MLLMs) والإنسان للتكميم. تحدد الأبحاث ميزات رئيسية للتكميم البشري التي تكافح MLLMs لتكرارها، مثل ترتيب الكميات والتحيزات الكامنة في الفهم العددي. يعتبر هذا العمل مهمًا لأنه يسلط الضوء على قيود MLLMs في الإدراك اللغوي، مما قد يُعلم التحسينات المستقبلية في معالجة اللغة بواسطة الذكاء الاصطناعي.

Un estudio reciente publicado en arXiv destaca diferencias significativas en cómo los Modelos de Lenguaje Multimodal (MLLM) y los humanos perciben la cuantificación. La investigación identifica características clave de la cuantificación humana que los MLLM tienen dificultades para replicar, como el orden de los cuantificadores y los sesgos inherentes en la comprensión numérica. Este trabajo es crucial, ya que arroja luz sobre las limitaciones de los MLLM en la cognición lingüística, lo que podría informar futuras mejoras en el procesamiento del lenguaje por parte de la IA.

Une étude récente publiée sur arXiv met en évidence des différences significatives dans la perception de la quantification entre les modèles de langage multimodaux (MLLM) et les humains. La recherche identifie des caractéristiques clés de la quantification humaine que les MLLM ont du mal à reproduire, telles que l'ordre des quantificateurs et les biais inhérents à la compréhension numérique. Ce travail est crucial car il éclaire les limites des MLLM en matière de cognition linguistique, ce qui pourrait informer les futures améliorations du traitement du langage par l'IA.

A recent study published on arXiv highlights significant differences in how Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and humans perceive quantification. The research identifies key features of human quantification that MLLMs struggle to replicate, such as the ordering of quantifiers and inherent biases in numerical understanding. This work is crucial as it sheds light on the limitations of MLLMs in linguistic cognition, which could inform future improvements in AI language processing.

Quantification and object perception in Multimodal Large Language Models deviate from human linguistic cognition

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<h1>
 
 
 AI Amnesia: Erasing Knowledge Without a Trace
</h1>

Imagine your AI model accidentally learned something it shouldn't have – sensitive customer data, for example. Current methods for deleting this information often require retraining the entire model, an expensive and time-consuming process. What if we could surgically remove that knowledge without starting from scratch?

The key lies in a novel approach: creating artificial "forgetting cues." We're teaching the model to unlearn specific data patterns by exposing it to carefully crafted synthetic examples. These examples are designed to strongly contradict the information we want the model to forget, effectively overwriting the problematic associations in its memory. This works even if you don’t have access to the original data you need to erase.

Think of it like this: you're trying to forget a bad song stuck in your head. Instead of trying to actively suppress it (which rarely works), you blast an even more catchy song. The new song overwrites the old one, effectively erasing it from your mental playlist.

Benefits of Selective Forgetting:

<ul>
<li> Enhanced Data Privacy: Remove sensitive data without compromising the overall model's performance.</li>
<li> Reduced Retraining Costs: Avoid full model retraining, saving significant time and resources.</li>
<li> Improved Model Security: Eliminate vulnerabilities introduced by unintentionally learned patterns.</li>
<li> Adaptable Learning: Enables continuous refinement of AI models based on evolving data landscapes.</li>
<li> Compliance Ready: Supports compliance with data privacy regulations like GDPR.</li>
<li> Scalable Solutions: Works efficiently even with limited access to training data.</li>
</ul>

Practical Tip: One challenge is ensuring the synthetic data accurately targets the information you want to remove without negatively impacting the model's ability to generalize. Rigorous testing and validation with holdout datasets are crucial.

The promise of AI that can truly 'forget' opens exciting possibilities for responsible AI development. By enabling precise data deletion, we pave the way for more secure, compliant, and adaptable machine learning systems. Imagine AI models that can adapt to changing ethical guidelines or quickly unlearn incorrect information, all without massive retraining efforts. This is a crucial step towards trustworthy and responsible AI that respects data privacy and aligns with societal values. Future exploration could include extending this to different data modalities and model architectures.

Related Keywords: machine unlearning, data privacy, few-shot learning, zero-shot learning, synthetic data, model editing, catastrophic forgetting, incremental learning, continual learning, deep learning, neural networks, data security, algorithmic fairness, responsible ai, ethical ai, federated unlearning, privacy-preserving ai, model retraining, AI governance, data deletion, GDPR compliance

يتناول المقال نهجًا جديدًا لمعالجة مشكلة نسيان الذكاء الاصطناعي، حيث قد تحتفظ نماذج الذكاء الاصطناعي عن غير قصد بمعلومات حساسة. تتطلب الطرق التقليدية لحذف هذه البيانات غالبًا إعادة تدريب كاملة للنموذج، وهو ما يعد مكلفًا ويستغرق وقتًا. تتضمن التقنية الجديدة إنشاء 'إشارات نسيان' اصطناعية تساعد النموذج على نسيان أنماط بيانات معينة من خلال تعريضه لأمثلة صناعية تتناقض مع المعلومات غير المرغوب فيها، مما يسمح بإزالة المعرفة المستهدفة دون الحاجة للوصول إلى البيانات الأصلية.

El artículo aborda un nuevo enfoque para tratar el problema de la amnesia de la IA, donde los modelos de IA pueden retener inadvertidamente información sensible. Los métodos tradicionales para eliminar estos datos a menudo requieren un reentrenamiento completo del modelo, lo que es costoso y lleva tiempo. La nueva técnica implica crear 'señales de olvido' artificiales que ayudan al modelo a desaprender patrones de datos específicos al exponerlo a ejemplos sintéticos que contradicen la información no deseada, permitiendo así la eliminación selectiva de conocimientos sin necesidad de acceder a l…

L'article traite d'une nouvelle approche pour résoudre le problème de l'amnésie de l'IA, où les modèles d'IA peuvent involontairement conserver des informations sensibles. Les méthodes traditionnelles pour supprimer ces données nécessitent souvent un réentraînement complet du modèle, ce qui est coûteux et long. La nouvelle technique consiste à créer des 'cues d'oubli' artificiels qui aident le modèle à désapprendre des schémas de données spécifiques en lui présentant des exemples synthétiques qui contredisent les informations indésirables, permettant ainsi une suppression ciblée des connaissan…

The article discusses a novel approach to address the issue of AI amnesia, where AI models may inadvertently retain sensitive information. Traditional methods for deleting such data often require complete retraining of the model, which is costly and time-consuming. The new technique involves creating artificial 'forgetting cues' that help the model unlearn specific data patterns by presenting it with synthetic examples that contradict the unwanted information, allowing for targeted knowledge removal without needing access to the original data.

AI Amnesia: Erasing Knowledge Without a Trace

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Turning materials like wood chips, crop residues and municipal solid waste into fuels and chemicals is important for our country's energy independence.

طور الباحثون نماذج حاسوبية متقدمة تهدف إلى تحسين التنبؤات لعمليات طحن الكتلة الحيوية. تركز هذه الابتكارات على تحويل مواد مثل رقائق الخشب، بقايا المحاصيل، والنفايات الصلبة البلدية إلى وقود ومواد كيميائية قيمة، وهو أمر مهم لتعزيز استقلالية الطاقة في البلاد. من المتوقع أن تعمل النماذج على تحسين كفاءة معالجة الكتلة الحيوية، مما يساهم في حلول الطاقة المستدامة.

Investigadores han desarrollado modelos informáticos avanzados destinados a mejorar las predicciones para los procesos de molienda de biomasa. Esta innovación se centra en convertir materiales como astillas de madera, residuos de cultivos y residuos sólidos municipales en combustibles y productos químicos valiosos, lo que es crucial para mejorar la independencia energética del país. Se espera que los modelos optimicen la eficiencia del procesamiento de biomasa, contribuyendo así a soluciones energéticas sostenibles.

Des chercheurs ont développé des modèles informatiques avancés visant à améliorer les prévisions pour les processus de broyage de la biomasse. Cette innovation se concentre sur la conversion de matériaux tels que les copeaux de bois, les résidus de culture et les déchets solides municipaux en combustibles et produits chimiques précieux, ce qui est crucial pour renforcer l'indépendance énergétique du pays. Les modèles devraient optimiser l'efficacité du traitement de la biomasse, contribuant ainsi à des solutions énergétiques durables.

Researchers have developed advanced computer models aimed at improving predictions for biomass milling processes. This innovation focuses on converting materials such as wood chips, crop residues, and municipal solid waste into valuable fuels and chemicals, which is crucial for enhancing energy independence in the country. The models are expected to optimize the efficiency of biomass processing, thereby contributing to sustainable energy solutions.

Researchers develop computer models for better biomass milling predictions

The most interesting aspect of the latest Even Realities glasses may be their limitations.

I've tried several AI smart glasses (including Meta Ray-Bans) in 2025 - these are the most comfortable

arXiv:2505.10769v2 Announce Type: replace 
Abstract: Accurate segmentation of regions of interest in biomedical images holds substantial value in image analysis. Although several foundation models for biomedical segmentation have currently achieved excellent performance on certain datasets, they typically demonstrate sub-optimal performance on unseen domain data. We owe the deficiency to lack of vision-language knowledge before segmentation. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) bring outstanding understanding and reasoning capabilities to multimodal tasks, which inspires us to leverage MLLMs to inject Vision-Language Knowledge (VLK), thereby enabling vision models to demonstrate superior generalization capabilities on cross-domain datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that seamlessly uses MLLMs to guide SAM in learning microscopy cross-domain data, unifying Segment Anything in Microscopy, named uLLSAM. Specifically, we propose the Vision-Language Semantic Alignment (VLSA) module, which injects VLK into Segment Anything Model (SAM). We find that after SAM receives global VLK prompts, its performance improves significantly, but there are deficiencies in boundary contour perception. Therefore, we further propose Semantic Boundary Regularization (SBR) to regularize SAM. Our method achieves performance improvements of 11.8% in SA across 9 in-domain microscopy datasets, achieving state-of-the-art performance. Our method also demonstrates improvements of 9.2% in SA across 10 out-of-domain datasets, exhibiting strong generalization capabilities. Code is available at https://github.com/ieellee/uLLSAM.

تناقش الورقة المعنونة 'توحيد نموذج تقسيم أي شيء في المجهر باستخدام المعرفة بين الرؤية واللغة' أهمية التقسيم الدقيق في الصور الطبية الحيوية. تبرز الورقة قيود النماذج الحالية في التعامل مع بيانات المجالات غير المرئية بسبب نقص المعرفة بين الرؤية واللغة. يقترح المؤلفون إطارًا جديدًا، uLLSAM، الذي يستخدم نماذج اللغة متعددة الوسائط (MLLMs) لتعزيز أداء التقسيم. تهدف هذه الطريقة إلى تحسين قدرات التعميم عبر مجموعات البيانات بين المجالات.

El artículo titulado 'Unifying Segment Anything in Microscopy with Vision-Language Knowledge' discute la importancia de la segmentación precisa en imágenes biomédicas. Destaca las limitaciones de los modelos existentes para manejar datos de dominio no vistos debido a la falta de conocimiento visión-lenguaje. Los autores proponen un nuevo marco, uLLSAM, que utiliza Modelos de Lenguaje Multimodal (MLLMs) para mejorar el rendimiento de la segmentación. Este enfoque busca mejorar las capacidades de generalización en conjuntos de datos inter-dominio.

L'article intitulé 'Unifying Segment Anything in Microscopy with Vision-Language Knowledge' aborde l'importance de la segmentation précise dans les images biomédicales. Il met en lumière les limites des modèles existants pour traiter des données de domaine non vues en raison d'un manque de connaissance vision-langage. Les auteurs proposent un nouveau cadre, uLLSAM, qui utilise des modèles de langage multimodaux (MLLMs) pour améliorer la performance de segmentation. Cette approche vise à améliorer les capacités de généralisation sur des ensembles de données inter-domaines.

The paper titled 'Unifying Segment Anything in Microscopy with Vision-Language Knowledge' discusses the importance of accurate segmentation in biomedical images. It highlights the limitations of existing models in handling unseen domain data due to a lack of vision-language knowledge. The authors propose a new framework, uLLSAM, which utilizes Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to enhance segmentation performance. This approach aims to improve generalization capabilities across cross-domain datasets, achieving notable performance improvements.

Unifying Segment Anything in Microscopy with Vision-Language Knowledge

arXiv:2510.24021v2 Announce Type: replace 
Abstract: Knowledge distillation (KD) is a standard route to compress Large Language Models (LLMs) into compact students, yet most pipelines uniformly apply token-wise loss regardless of teacher confidence. This indiscriminate supervision amplifies noisy, high-entropy signals and is especially harmful under large teacher-student capacity gaps. We introduce SelecTKD, a plug-and-play Selective Token-Weighted distillation framework that shifts the focus from "how to measure divergence" to "where to apply learning". At each step, the student proposes tokens that are verified by the teacher through a robust propose-and-verify procedure with two variants: greedy Top-k and non-greedy Spec-k. Accepted tokens receive full loss, while rejected tokens are masked or down-weighted. This objective-agnostic design works with on- and off-policy data, induces an implicit curriculum quantified by Token Acceptance Rate (TAR), and stabilizes optimization. Across instruction following, mathematical reasoning, code generation, and a VLM setting, SelecTKD consistently improves strong baselines and achieves state-of-the-art results for small models without architectural changes or extra reference models.

SelecTKD: Selective Token-Weighted Knowledge Distillation for LLMs

arXiv:2511.13368v1 Announce Type: new 
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) perform strongly across tasks and languages, yet how improvements in one task or language affect other tasks and languages and their combinations remains poorly understood. We conduct a controlled PEFT/LoRA study across multiple open-weight LLM families and sizes, treating task and language as transfer axes while conditioning on model family and size; we fine-tune each model on a single task-language source and measure transfer as the percentage-point change versus its baseline score when evaluated on all other task-language target pairs. We decompose transfer into (i) Matched-Task (Cross-Language), (ii) Matched-Language (Cross-Task), and (iii) Cross-Task (Cross-Language) regimes. We uncover two consistent general patterns. First, a pronounced on-task vs. off-task asymmetry: Matched-Task (Cross-Language) transfer is reliably positive, whereas off-task transfer often incurs collateral degradation. Second, a stable donor-recipient structure across languages and tasks (hub donors vs. brittle recipients). We outline implications for risk-aware fine-tuning and model specialisation.

Donors and Recipients: On Asymmetric Transfer Across Tasks and Languages with Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning

arXiv:2511.11878v1 Announce Type: new 
Abstract: While large language models (LLMs) show transformative potential in healthcare, their development remains focused on high-resource languages, creating a critical barrier for others as simple translation fails to capture unique clinical and cultural nuances, such as endemic diseases. To address this, we introduce MedPT, the first large-scale, real-world corpus for Brazilian Portuguese, comprising 384,095 authentic question-answer pairs from patient-doctor interactions. The dataset underwent a meticulous multi-stage curation protocol, using a hybrid quantitative-qualitative analysis to filter noise and contextually enrich thousands of ambiguous queries. We further augmented the corpus via LLM-driven annotation, classifying questions into seven semantic types to capture user intent. Our analysis reveals its thematic breadth (3,200 topics) and unique linguistic properties, like the natural asymmetry in patient-doctor communication. To validate its utility, we benchmark a medical specialty routing task: fine-tuning a 1.7B parameter model achieves an outstanding 94\% F1-score on a 20-class setup. Furthermore, our qualitative error analysis shows misclassifications are not random but reflect genuine clinical ambiguities (e.g., between comorbid conditions), proving the dataset's deep semantic richness. We publicly release MedPT to foster the development of more equitable, accurate, and culturally-aware medical technologies for the Portuguese-speaking world.

Quantification and object perception in Multimodal Large Language Models deviate from human linguistic cognition

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