ReBrain: Brain MRI Reconstruction from Sparse CT Slice via Retrieval-Augmented Diffusion

A new deep learning model named ISLA (Ischemic Stroke Lesion Analyzer) has been introduced for the segmentation of acute ischemic stroke lesions in MRI scans. This model leverages the U-Net architecture and incorporates deep supervision, attention mechanisms, and domain adaptation, trained on over 1500 participants from multiple centers.

A novel framework named DINO-AugSeg has been proposed to enhance few-shot medical image segmentation by leveraging DINOv3-based self-supervised features. This approach addresses the challenge of limited annotated training data in clinical settings, utilizing wavelet-based feature-level augmentation and contextual information-guided fusion to improve segmentation accuracy across various imaging modalities such as MRI and CT.

A new framework, MMH, has been introduced for unified multi-site multi-sequence brain MRI harmonization, addressing the challenges of non-biological heterogeneity in MRI data caused by site-specific variations. This method aims to standardize image style while preserving anatomical content, enhancing the training of deep learning models.

A comprehensive external validation of the nnU-Net framework for automated lesion segmentation in stroke MRI has been conducted, demonstrating robust generalization across various datasets and imaging modalities, including DWI, FLAIR, and T1-weighted MRI. This study highlights the importance of accurate lesion delineation for clinical research and personalized interventions in stroke management.

PathoSyn has been introduced as a novel generative framework for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) synthesis, focusing on disentangled additive deviations on a stable anatomical manifold to improve image quality and anatomical accuracy. This approach addresses the limitations of existing generative models that often lead to feature entanglement and structural discontinuities.

A new study has developed a pre-trained foundation model framework aimed at improving the classification of extramural vascular invasion (EVI) and mesorectal fascia invasion (MFI) in rectal cancer using multiplanar MRI scans. This framework was evaluated using 331 pre-treatment T2-weighted MRI scans from three European hospitals, addressing the limitations of subjective visual assessments and inter-institutional variability in diagnostics.

The introduction of HiFi-Mamba, a dual-stream Mamba-based architecture, aims to enhance high-fidelity MRI reconstruction from undersampled k-space data by addressing key limitations of existing Mamba variants. The architecture features stacked W-Laplacian and HiFi-Mamba blocks, which separate low- and high-frequency streams to improve image fidelity and detail.

A recent study evaluated the performance, efficiency, and accessibility of automated machine learning (AutoML) frameworks in the field of radiomics, focusing on their ability to assist researchers without programming skills in developing predictive models. The study tested six general-purpose and five radiomics-specific frameworks across ten diverse datasets, revealing the need for further development tailored to radiomics challenges.