Nationality and Region Prediction from Names: A Comparative Study of Neural Models and Large Language Models

A new study introduces ExoFormer, a transformer model that utilizes exogenous anchor projections to enhance attention mechanisms, addressing the challenge of balancing stability and computational efficiency in deep learning architectures. This model demonstrates improved performance metrics, including a notable increase in downstream accuracy and data efficiency compared to traditional internal-anchor transformers.

A new framework for user-oriented multi-turn dialogue generation has been developed, leveraging large reasoning models (LRMs) to create dynamic, domain-specific tools for task completion. This approach addresses the limitations of existing datasets that rely on static toolsets, enhancing the interaction quality in human-agent collaborations.

A new study has introduced the SPEECHMENTALMANIP benchmark, marking the first exploration of mental manipulation detection in spoken dialogues, utilizing synthetic multi-speaker audio to enhance a text-based dataset. This research highlights the challenges of identifying manipulative speech tactics, revealing that models trained on audio exhibit lower recall compared to text.

The recent introduction of RULERS (Rubric Unification, Locking, and Evidence-anchored Robust Scoring) addresses challenges in evaluating large language models (LLMs) by transforming natural language rubrics into executable specifications, thereby enhancing the reliability of assessments.

A new framework named Rescind has been introduced to combat image manipulation in biomedical publications, addressing the challenges of detecting forgeries that arise from domain-specific artifacts and complex textures. This framework combines vision-language prompting with state-space modeling to enhance the detection and generation of biomedical image forgeries.

A recent study examined the preferences of large language models (LLMs) in resolving knowledge conflicts, revealing a tendency to favor information from credible sources like government and newspaper outlets over social media. This research utilized a novel framework to analyze how these source preferences influence LLM outputs.

A recent study published on arXiv investigates the relationship between Gabor-based features and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture features in modeling human visual search behavior. The research proposes two feature-combination pipelines to enhance predictions of human fixation regions using simulated digital breast tomosynthesis images.

A new framework for explainable video anomaly detection (VAD) has been introduced, featuring instance-aligned captions that connect textual claims to specific object instances, enhancing the reliability of explanations in safety-critical applications. This approach addresses the limitations of existing methods that often produce incomplete or misaligned descriptions, particularly in scenarios involving multiple entities.