On the notion of missingness for path attribution explainability methods in medical settings: Guiding the selection of medically meaningful baselines

The recent development of Algebraformer, a Transformer-based architecture, aims to address the challenges of solving ill-conditioned linear systems. Traditional numerical methods often require extensive parameter tuning and domain expertise to ensure accuracy. Algebraformer proposes an end-to-end learned model that efficiently represents matrix and vector inputs, achieving scalable inference with a memory complexity of O(n^2). This innovation could significantly enhance the reliability and stability of solutions in various application-driven linear problems.

The study presents a novel framework called the Disentangled Recurrent Neural Network (DisRNN), which enhances low-rank recurrent neural networks (lrRNNs) by introducing group-wise independence among latent dynamics. This approach allows for flexible entanglement within groups, facilitating the separate evolution of latent dynamics while maintaining complexity for computation. The reformulation under a variational autoencoder framework incorporates a partial correlation penalty to promote disentanglement, with experiments conducted on synthetic, monkey M1, and mouse data demonstrating its effe…

The paper presents a Doppler Invariant Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) designed for automatic signal classification in radio spectrum monitoring. It addresses the limitations of existing deep learning models that rely on Doppler augmentation, which can hinder training efficiency and interpretability. The proposed architecture utilizes complex-valued layers and adaptive polyphase sampling to achieve frequency bin shift invariance, demonstrating consistent classification accuracy with and without random Doppler shifts using a synthetic dataset.

MicroEvoEval is introduced as a systematic evaluation framework aimed at predicting image-based microstructure evolution. This framework addresses critical gaps in the current methodologies, particularly the lack of standardized benchmarks for deep learning models in microstructure simulation. The study evaluates 14 different models across four MicroEvo tasks, focusing on both numerical accuracy and physical fidelity, thereby enhancing the reliability of microstructure predictions in materials design.

Meta-SimGNN is a novel WiFi localization system that combines graph neural networks with meta-learning to enhance localization generalization and robustness. It addresses the limitations of existing deep learning-based localization methods, which primarily focus on environmental variations while neglecting the impact of device configuration changes. By introducing a fine-grained channel state information (CSI) graph construction scheme, Meta-SimGNN adapts to variations in the number of access points (APs) and improves usability in diverse scenarios.

The Cross-Modal Compositional Self-Distillation (CCSD) framework has been proposed to enhance brain tumor segmentation from multi-modal MRI scans. This method addresses the challenge of missing modalities in clinical settings, which can hinder the performance of deep learning models. By utilizing a shared-specific encoder-decoder architecture and two self-distillation strategies, CCSD aims to improve the robustness and accuracy of segmentation, ultimately aiding in clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.

Underwater image restoration and enhancement are essential for correcting color distortion and restoring details in images, which are crucial for various underwater visual tasks. Current deep learning methods face challenges due to the lack of high-quality paired datasets, as pristine reference labels are hard to obtain in underwater environments. This paper proposes a novel approach that utilizes in-air natural images as reference targets, translating them into underwater-degraded versions to create synthetic datasets that provide authentic supervision for model training.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of preventable blindness, making early detection essential for reducing global vision loss. Recent advancements in deep learning have significantly improved DR screening, evolving from basic convolutional neural networks to sophisticated methodologies that tackle issues like class imbalance and label scarcity. This survey synthesizes findings from over 50 studies and 20 datasets, highlighting methodological innovations and ongoing challenges in validation and reproducibility.