arXiv:2511.02826v3 Announce Type: replace 
Abstract: Foundation models trained on large-scale pathology image corpora have demonstrated strong transfer capabilities across diverse histopathology tasks. Building on this progress, we introduce PLUTO-4, our next generation of pathology foundation models that extend the Pathology-Universal Transformer (PLUTO) to frontier scale. We share two complementary Vision Transformer architectures in the PLUTO-4 family: a compact and efficient PLUTO-4S model optimized for multi-scale deployment using a FlexiViT setup with 2D-RoPE embeddings, and a frontier-scale PLUTO-4G model trained with a single patch size to maximize representation capacity and stability. Both models are pretrained using a self-supervised objective derived from DINOv2 on a large multi-institutional corpus containing 551,164 WSIs from 137,144 patients across over 50 institutions, spanning over 60 disease types and over 100 stains. Comprehensive evaluation across public and internal benchmarks demonstrates that PLUTO-4 achieves state-of-the-art performance on tasks requiring varying spatial and biological context, including tile classification, segmentation, and slide-level diagnosis. The compact PLUTO-4S provides high-throughput and robust performance for practical deployment, while PLUTO-4G establishes new performance frontiers across multiple pathology benchmarks, including an 11% improvement in dermatopathology diagnosis. These diverse improvements underscore PLUTO-4's potential to transform real-world applications as a backbone for translational research and diagnostic use cases.

تم تقديم PLUTO-4، الجيل الجديد من نماذج الأساس في علم الأمراض، حيث أظهر قدرات نقل مثيرة للإعجاب عبر مهام مختلفة في علم الأمراض النسيجي. تشمل هذه العائلة من النماذج نموذج PLUTO-4S المدمج وPLUTO-4G الأكبر، وكلاهما تم تدريبه على مجموعة بيانات ضخمة تضم أكثر من 551,000 صورة شريحة كاملة من أكثر من 137,000 مريض. تعتبر التطورات في PLUTO-4 مهمة لتحسين دقة التشخيص في علم الأمراض، خاصة مع تحسين بنسبة 11% في تشخيص الأمراض الجلدية.

PLUTO-4, una nueva generación de modelos fundamentales en patología, ha sido presentada, mostrando capacidades de transferencia impresionantes en diversas tareas de histopatología. Esta familia de modelos incluye el compacto PLUTO-4S y el más grande PLUTO-4G, ambos entrenados en un vasto conjunto de datos de más de 551,000 imágenes de diapositivas completas de más de 137,000 pacientes. Los avances en PLUTO-4 son significativos para mejorar la precisión diagnóstica en patología, especialmente con una mejora del 11% en el diagnóstico dermatopatológico.

PLUTO-4, une nouvelle génération de modèles fondamentaux en pathologie, a été introduit, montrant des capacités de transfert impressionnantes à travers diverses tâches d'histopathologie. Cette famille de modèles comprend le PLUTO-4S compact et le PLUTO-4G plus grand, tous deux entraînés sur un vaste ensemble de données de plus de 551 000 images de diapositives entières provenant de plus de 137 000 patients. Les avancées de PLUTO-4 sont significatives pour améliorer la précision diagnostique en pathologie, notamment avec une amélioration de 11 % dans le diagnostic dermatopathologique.

PLUTO-4, a new generation of pathology foundation models, has been introduced, showcasing impressive transfer capabilities across various histopathology tasks. This model family includes the compact PLUTO-4S and the larger PLUTO-4G, both trained on a vast dataset of over 551,000 whole slide images from more than 137,000 patients. The advancements in PLUTO-4 are significant for improving diagnostic accuracy in pathology, particularly with an 11% enhancement in dermatopathology diagnosis.

PLUTO-4: Frontier Pathology Foundation Models

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